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21
README.md
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@ -41,25 +41,6 @@ Other inspirations were, among others, in no particular order:
- the Magic-1 by Bill Buzbee - the Magic-1 by Bill Buzbee
- the OPC by revaldinho - the OPC by revaldinho
## October 2025 Update
This update introduces a data cache for the Tridora-CPU. It is similar to the instruction cache
as it caches the 16 bytes coming from the DRAM memory controller. It is a write-back cache, i.e.
when a word inside the cached area is written, it updates the cache instead of invalidating it.
This is important because there are many idioms in the stack machine assembly language where you
store a local variable and then read it again (e.g. updating a loop variable).
Since for most programs, the user stack and parts of the heap are inside the DRAM area, the data cache
has a more noticable impact. In the benchmark program that was already used for the last update,
the data cache results in a 50% improvement for the empty loop test. This is in comparison to the version
without data cache but with the instruction cache, both running code out of DRAM.
It is also noticable for compile times: With the data cache, compiling and assembling the
"hello,world" program takes 16 seconds instead of 20. With a little tweak of the SD-Card controller
that slightly increased the data transfer rate, the build time goes down to 15 seconds.
Also, an audio controller was added that allows interrupt-driven sample playback via an AMP2 PMOD.
## April 2025 Update ## April 2025 Update
The clock has been reduced to 77 MHz from 83 MHz. Apparently the design was at the limit and The clock has been reduced to 77 MHz from 83 MHz. Apparently the design was at the limit and
timing problems were cropping up seemingly at random. Reducing the clock speed made some timing problems were cropping up seemingly at random. Reducing the clock speed made some
@ -81,7 +62,7 @@ on the emulator image.
- the [Hackaday project](https://hackaday.io/project/198324-tridora-cpu) (mostly copy-paste from this README) - the [Hackaday project](https://hackaday.io/project/198324-tridora-cpu) (mostly copy-paste from this README)
- the [YouTube channel](https://www.youtube.com/@tridoracpu/videos) with some demo videos - the [YouTube channel](https://www.youtube.com/@tridoracpu/videos) with some demo videos
- the [emulator](https://git.insignificance.de/slederer/-/packages/generic/tridoraemu/0.0.5/files/12) (source and windows binary) - the [emulator](https://git.insignificance.de/slederer/-/packages/generic/tridoraemu/0.0.5/files/12) (source and windows binary)
- the [FPGA bitstream](https://git.insignificance.de/slederer/-/packages/generic/tdr-bitstream/0.0.4/files/16) for the Arty-A7-35T board - the [FPGA bitstream](https://git.insignificance.de/slederer/-/packages/generic/tdr-bitstream/0.0.2/files/14) for the Arty-A7-35T board
- an [SD-card image](https://git.insignificance.de/slederer/-/packages/generic/tdr-cardimage/0.0.4/files/13) - an [SD-card image](https://git.insignificance.de/slederer/-/packages/generic/tdr-cardimage/0.0.4/files/13)
Contact the author here: tridoracpu [at] insignificance.de Contact the author here: tridoracpu [at] insignificance.de

3
doc/irqctrl.md
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@ -9,13 +9,12 @@ The interrupt controller uses a single register at address: $980
|_bit_ |15|14|13|12|11|10|09|08|07|06|05|04|03|02|01|00| |_bit_ |15|14|13|12|11|10|09|08|07|06|05|04|03|02|01|00|
|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- | |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |
|_Value_|t |t |t |t |t |t |t |t |- |- |- |- |- |p2 |p1 |p0 | |_Value_|t |t |t |t |t |t |t |t |- |- |- |- |- |- |p1 |p0 |
|Bitfields|Description| |Bitfields|Description|
|---------|-----------| |---------|-----------|
| _t_ | unsigned 24 bit counter of timer ticks since reset | _t_ | unsigned 24 bit counter of timer ticks since reset
| _p2_ | IRQ 2 (audio) interrupt pending if 1
| _p1_ | IRQ 1 (timer tick) interrupt pending if 1 | _p1_ | IRQ 1 (timer tick) interrupt pending if 1
| _p0_ | IRQ 0 (UART) interrupt pending if 1 | _p0_ | IRQ 0 (UART) interrupt pending if 1

1
doc/mem.md
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@ -34,4 +34,3 @@ Currently, only I/O slots 0-3 are being used.
| 1 | $880 | SPI-SD | | 1 | $880 | SPI-SD |
| 2 | $900 | VGA | | 2 | $900 | VGA |
| 3 | $980 | IRQC | | 3 | $980 | IRQC |
| 4 | $A00 | TDRAUDIO |

10
doc/pascalprogramming.md
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@ -103,16 +103,6 @@ Tridora-Pascal only supports the _break_ statement at the moment.
The _exit_ statement can be used to exit the current procedure or function. If it is a function, the return value of the function is undefined if _exit_ is The _exit_ statement can be used to exit the current procedure or function. If it is a function, the return value of the function is undefined if _exit_ is
used before a return value is assigned. used before a return value is assigned.
## Dynamic Memory Allocation
Memory allocation generally works as expected with the *new* and *dispose* special procedures. The variant of *new* with two parameters that is specified in Wirth Pascal is not supported (partial allocation of a variant record). Instead, there is a variant of *new* that has a second parameter for allocating strings (see above).
If heap allocation fails, *new* does not return and instead causes a runtime error. To avoid this, a different special procedure called *newOrNil* can be used. This procedure sets the pointer
variable to *niL* if heap allocation fails.
The function *MemAvail* returns the number of free bytes on the heap. It does not guarantee that this amount of memory can be allocated with *new*, because heap space can be fragmented.
The function *MaxAvail*, which exists in some versions of Turbo Pascal and returns the size of the largest contiguous block of available heap memory, is not (yet) implemented.
## I/O ## I/O
I/O handling in Tridora Pascal is mostly compatible with other Pascal dialects when reading/writing simple variables from/to the console. There are big differences when opening/reading/writing files explicitly. I/O handling in Tridora Pascal is mostly compatible with other Pascal dialects when reading/writing simple variables from/to the console. There are big differences when opening/reading/writing files explicitly.

104
doc/tdraudio.md
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@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
# Audio Controller
The audio controller provides four channels of 16-bit PCM audio playback.
It uses multiple registers starting at address $A00.
Each of the four channels has three registers.
For the first channel the register addresses are:
|Address|Description|
|-------|-----------|
| $A00 | Control Register |
| $A01 | Clock Divider Register |
| $A02 | Amplitude Register |
The register addresses for the second channel start at $A04,
the third channel at $A08
and the fourth channel at $A0C.
## Reading the control register
|_bit_ |31|30|29|28|27|26|25|24|23|22|21|20|19|18|17|16|
|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |
|_Value_|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |-|- |- |- |- |- |- |
|_bit_ |15|14|13|12|11|10|09|08|07|06|05|04|03|02|01|00|
|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |
|_Value_|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |i |f | e | p | c |
|Bitfields|Description|
|---------|-----------|
| _i_ | interrupt is enabled for this channel when 1 |
| _f_ | sample buffer is full when 1 |
| _e_ | sample buffer is empty when 1 |
| _p_ | changes from 0 to 1 and vice versa on each sample clock |
| _c_ | channel is enabled if 1 |
## Writing the control register
|_bit_ |31|30|29|28|27|26|25|24|23|22|21|20|19|18|17|16|
|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |
|_Value_|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |-|- |- |- |- |- |- |
|_bit_ |15|14|13|12|11|10|09|08|07|06|05|04|03|02|01|00|
|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |
|_Value_|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |i |- | - | - | c |
|Bitfields|Description|
|---------|-----------|
| _c_ | enable channel if 1, disable if 0 |
| _i_ | enable channel interrupt if 1, disable if 0 |
## Writing the clock divider register
|_bit_ |31|30|29|28|27|26|25|24|23|22|21|20|19|18|17|16|
|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |
|_Value_|d |d |d |d |d |d |d |d |d |d|d |d |d |d |d |d |
|_bit_ |15|14|13|12|11|10|09|08|07|06|05|04|03|02|01|00|
|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |
|_Value_|d |d |d |d |d |d |d |d |d |d|d |d |d |d |d |d |
|Bitfields|Description|
|---------|-----------|
| _d_ | an unsigned 32-bit value for the clock divider |
## Writing the amplitude register
|_bit_ |31|30|29|28|27|26|25|24|23|22|21|20|19|18|17|16|
|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |
|_Value_|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |-|- |- |- |- |- |- |
|_bit_ |15|14|13|12|11|10|09|08|07|06|05|04|03|02|01|00|
|- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |
|_Value_|a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a |a | a | a | a |
|Bitfields|Description|
|---------|-----------|
| _a_ | an unsigned 16-bit value for the amplitude (sample) value with a bias of 32768 |
## Notes
The clock divider specifies the number of CPU clock ticks between two samples.
Writing to the amplitude register adds the sample value to the sample buffer. The sample buffer is organized as a FIFO with 16 elements.
Amplitude (sample) values are represented as unsigned, biased 16-bit numbers. The bias is 32768, so given an amplitude range of 1.0 to -1.0, a 1.0 is represented by 65535, 0.0 by 32768 and -1.0 by 0.
Interrupt processing needs to be enabled for each channel if required.
An interrupt on any channel will be signalled to the interrupt controller
as IRQ 2. The interrupt service routine should check all running channels
for an emtpy buffer.
If an audio interrupt has occured on a channel, the interrupt enable flag
is cleared for that channel. It needs to be re-enabled in the interrupt service routine.
Interrupts also need to be enabled on the interrupt controller,
and re-enabled there after each interrupt.

31
examples/benchmarks.results.text
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@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Running benchmarks.prog
Arty-A7-35T Arty-A7-35T
76.92MHz, 64KB SRAM, 256MB DRAM, 76.92MHz, 64KB SRAM, 256MB DRAM,
16B instruction cache, 16B wt data cache 16B instruction cache, 16B wt data cache
running in SRAM running in DRAM (except corelib, stdlib, runtime)
Running benchmarks.prog Running benchmarks.prog
empty loop 10M 00:00:07 empty loop 10M 00:00:07
@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ Running benchmarks.prog
Arty-A7-35T Arty-A7-35T
76.92MHz, 64KB SRAM, 256MB DRAM, 76.92MHz, 64KB SRAM, 256MB DRAM,
16B instruction cache, 16B wb data cache 16B instruction cache, 16B wb data cache
running in SRAM running in DRAM (except corelib, stdlib, runtime)
Running benchmarks.prog Running benchmarks.prog
empty loop 10M 00:00:04 empty loop 10M 00:00:04
@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ Running benchmarks.prog
Arty-A7-35T Arty-A7-35T
76.92MHz, 32KB SRAM, 256MB DRAM, 76.92MHz, 32KB SRAM, 256MB DRAM,
16B instruction cache, 16B wb data cache 16B instruction cache, 16B wb data cache
running in SRAM running in DRAM (except corelib, stdlib, runtime)
Running benchmarks.prog Running benchmarks.prog
empty loop 10M 00:00:04 empty loop 10M 00:00:04
@ -169,28 +169,3 @@ Running benchmarks.prog
array copy 128k 1K 00:00:39 array copy 128k 1K 00:00:39
exp() 10K 00:00:25 exp() 10K 00:00:25
cos() 10K 00:00:05 cos() 10K 00:00:05
--------------------------------------------
Arty-A7-35T
76.92MHz, 64KB SRAM, 256MB DRAM,
16B instruction cache, 16B wb data cache
running in DRAM (except corelib, stdlib, runtime)
Running benchmarks.prog
empty loop 10M 00:00:10
write variable 10M 00:00:11
read variable 10M 00:00:11
integer addition 10M 00:00:13
real addition 1M 00:00:27
integer multiplication 1M 00:00:35
real multiplication 1M 00:00:43
integer division 1M 00:01:05
real division 1M 00:00:51
string indexing 1M 00:00:36
string iteration 1M 00:00:20
new/dispose 1k 1M 00:00:23
new/dispose 128k 1M 00:00:23
array copy 1k 10K 00:00:03
array copy 128k 1K 00:00:48
exp() 10K 00:00:28
cos() 10K 00:00:04

5
examples/fastfire.inc
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@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
const FIREWIDTH = 319; FIREHEIGHT = 79; (* keep in sync with fastfire.s! *)
type FireBuf = array [0..FIREHEIGHT, 0..FIREWIDTH] of integer;
procedure FastFireUpdate(var f:FireBuf); external;
procedure FastFireDraw(var f:FireBuf;screenx, screeny:integer); external;

326
examples/fastfire.s
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@ -1,326 +0,0 @@
; width and height of the fire cell matrix
; Be sure to sync this with fastfire.inc!
.EQU FIREWIDTH 319
.EQU FIREHEIGHT 79
;
; The cell matrix actually has one column
; and one row more than FIREWIDTH and
; FIREHEIGHT to handle the negative
; X offsets when calculating new
; cell values.
; Likewise, there is one more row.
; So rows are processed from 0 to FIREHEIGHT - 2
; and columms from 1 to FIREWIDTH - 1.
; cells considered for calculating new
; value for cell O (reference cells):
; .....O......
; ....123.....
; .....4......
; args: pointer to fire cell buffer
.EQU FF_ROW_COUNT 0
.EQU FF_COL_COUNT 4
.EQU FF_ROW_OFFS 8
.EQU FF_OFFS1 12
.EQU FF_OFFS2 16
.EQU FF_OFFS3 20
.EQU FF_OFFS4 24
.EQU FF_CELL_PTR 28
.EQU FF_FS 32
FASTFIREUPDATE:
FPADJ -FF_FS
STORE FF_CELL_PTR
LOADC FIREHEIGHT-1
STORE FF_ROW_COUNT
; calculate offsets for reference cells
LOADC FIREWIDTH+1
SHL 2
DUP
STORE FF_ROW_OFFS ; offset to next row: WIDTH*4
DEC 4 ; offset to cell 1: row offset - 4
DUP
STORE FF_OFFS1
INC 4
DUP
STORE FF_OFFS2 ; offset to cell 2: + 4
INC 4
STORE FF_OFFS3 ; offset to cell 3: + 4
LOAD FF_ROW_OFFS
SHL 1 ; offset to cell 4: row offset * 2
STORE FF_OFFS4
; start at column 1
LOAD FF_CELL_PTR
INC 4
STORE FF_CELL_PTR
FF_ROW:
LOADC FIREWIDTH-1
STORE FF_COL_COUNT
FF_COL:
LOAD FF_CELL_PTR
LOAD FF_OFFS1
ADD
LOADI
LOAD FF_CELL_PTR
LOAD FF_OFFS2
ADD
LOADI
LOAD FF_CELL_PTR
LOAD FF_OFFS3
ADD
LOADI
LOAD FF_CELL_PTR
LOAD FF_OFFS4
ADD
LOADI
ADD
ADD
ADD
SHR
SHR
; if new cell value > 0, subtract 1 to cool down
DUP
CBRANCH.Z FF_SKIP
DEC 1
FF_SKIP:
LOAD FF_CELL_PTR ; load cell ptr
SWAP ; swap with new value
STOREI 4 ; store with postincrement
STORE FF_CELL_PTR ; save new ptr value
LOAD FF_COL_COUNT ; decrement column count
DEC 1
DUP
STORE FF_COL_COUNT
CBRANCH.NZ FF_COL ; loop if col count <> 0
; at the end of a row, go to next row
; by adding 8 to the cell pointer,
; skipping the first cell of the next row
LOAD FF_CELL_PTR
INC 8
STORE FF_CELL_PTR
LOAD FF_ROW_COUNT ; decrement row count
DEC 1
DUP
STORE FF_ROW_COUNT
CBRANCH.NZ FF_ROW ; loop if row count <> 0
FF_EXIT:
FPADJ FF_FS
RET
; framebuffer controller registers
.EQU FB_RA $900
.EQU FB_WA $901
.EQU FB_IO $902
.EQU FB_PS $903
.EQU FB_PD $904
.EQU FB_CTL $905
.EQU WORDS_PER_LINE 80
; fire width in vmem words (strict left-to-right evaluation)
.EQU FFD_ROW_WORDS 1 + FIREWIDTH / 8
; draw all fire cells
; args: pointer to fire cell buffer, screen x, screen y
.EQU FFD_CELL_PTR 0
.EQU FFD_X 4
.EQU FFD_Y 8
.EQU FFD_ROW_COUNT 12
.EQU FFD_ROW_WORDCOUNT 16
.EQU FFD_VMEM_PTR 20
.EQU FFD_FS 24
FASTFIREDRAW:
FPADJ -FFD_FS
STORE FFD_Y
STORE FFD_X
STORE FFD_CELL_PTR
; calculate video memory addr
; addr = y * 80 + X / 8
LOAD FFD_Y
SHL 2 ; y * 16
SHL 2
DUP
SHL 2 ; + y * 64
ADD ; = y * 80
LOAD FFD_X
SHR
SHR
SHR
ADD ; + x / 8
DUP
STORE FFD_VMEM_PTR
LOADC FB_WA ; set vmem write address
SWAP
STOREI
DROP
LOADC FIREHEIGHT + 1
STORE FFD_ROW_COUNT
FFD_ROW:
LOADC FFD_ROW_WORDS
STORE FFD_ROW_WORDCOUNT
LOADC FB_WA ; set vmem write address
LOAD FFD_VMEM_PTR
STOREI
DROP
FFD_WORD:
LOAD FFD_CELL_PTR ; load cell ptr
LOADC 0 ; vmem word, start with 0
; leftmost pixel (0)
OVER ; [ cptr, vmemw, cptr ]
LOADI ; load cell value [ cptr, vmemw, cellval ]
SHR ; scale it down (from 7 bits to 4)
SHR
SHR ; [ cptr, vmemw, cellval shr 3 ]
OR ; [ cptr, vmemw ]
SWAP ; [ vmemw, cptr ]
INC 4 ; increment cell ptr on stack [ vmemw, cptr + 4 ]
SWAP ; [ cptr + 4, vmemw ]
SHL 2 ; move bits to left for next pixel
SHL 2
; pixel 1
OVER
LOADI ; load cell value
SHR ; scale it down (from 7 bits to 4)
SHR
SHR
OR
SWAP
INC 4 ; increment cell ptr on stack
SWAP
SHL 2 ; move bits to left for next pixel
SHL 2
; pixel 2
OVER
LOADI ; load cell value
SHR ; scale it down (from 7 bits to 4)
SHR
SHR
OR
SWAP
INC 4 ; increment cell ptr on stack
SWAP
SHL 2 ; move bits to left for next pixel
SHL 2
; pixel 3
OVER
LOADI ; load cell value
SHR ; scale it down (from 7 bits to 4)
SHR
SHR
OR
SWAP
INC 4 ; increment cell ptr on stack
SWAP
SHL 2 ; move bits to left for next pixel
SHL 2
; pixel 4
OVER
LOADI ; load cell value
SHR ; scale it down (from 7 bits to 4)
SHR
SHR
OR
SWAP
INC 4 ; increment cell ptr on stack
SWAP
SHL 2 ; move bits to left for next pixel
SHL 2
; pixel 5
OVER
LOADI ; load cell value
SHR ; scale it down (from 7 bits to 4)
SHR
SHR
OR
SWAP
INC 4 ; increment cell ptr on stack
SWAP
SHL 2 ; move bits to left for next pixel
SHL 2
; pixel 6
OVER
LOADI ; load cell value
SHR ; scale it down (from 7 bits to 4)
SHR
SHR
OR
SWAP
INC 4 ; increment cell ptr on stack
SWAP
SHL 2 ; move bits to left for next pixel
SHL 2
; pixel 7
OVER
LOADI ; load cell value
SHR ; scale it down (from 7 bits to 4)
SHR
SHR
OR
SWAP
INC 4 ; increment cell ptr on stack
SWAP
; store word to vmem
; vmem write addr will autoincrement
LOADC FB_IO
SWAP
STOREI
DROP
STORE FFD_CELL_PTR
; prepare for next word
LOAD FFD_ROW_WORDCOUNT
DEC 1
DUP
STORE FFD_ROW_WORDCOUNT
CBRANCH.NZ FFD_WORD
; prepare for next row
LOAD FFD_VMEM_PTR
LOADC WORDS_PER_LINE
ADD
STORE FFD_VMEM_PTR
LOAD FFD_ROW_COUNT
DEC 1
DUP
STORE FFD_ROW_COUNT
CBRANCH.NZ FFD_ROW
FFD_EXIT:
FPADJ FFD_FS
RET

76
examples/fire.pas
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@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
{$H1}
{$S2}
program fire;
const MAXX = 30;
MAXY = 50;
var firebuf: array [0..MAXY, 0..MAXX] of integer;
firepalette: array [0..15] of integer =
( $FFA, $FF8, $FF4, $FF0, $FE0, $FD0, $FA0, $F90,
$F00, $E00, $D00, $A00, $800, $600, $300, $000);
x,y:integer;
procedure createPalette;
var i:integer;
begin
for i := 15 downto 0 do
setpalette(15 - i, firepalette[i]);
end;
procedure fireItUp;
var x,y:integer;
begin
y := MAXY - 1;
for x := 1 to MAXX - 1 do
firebuf[y, x] := random and 127;
end;
procedure updateFire;
var i,x,y:integer;
begin
for y := 0 to MAXY - 2 do
for x := 1 to MAXX - 1 do
begin
i :=
((firebuf[y + 1, x - 1]
+ firebuf[y + 1, x]
+ firebuf[y + 1, x + 1]
+ firebuf[y + 2, x])
) shr 2;
if i > 0 then
i := i - 1;
firebuf[y, x] := i;
end;
end;
procedure drawFire;
var x, y, col:integer;
begin
for y := 0 to MAXY - 1 do
begin
x := 0;
for col in firebuf[y] do
begin
putpixel(300 + x, 150 + y, col shr 3);
x := x + 1;
end;
end;
end;
begin
randomize;
initgraphics;
createPalette;
while not conavail do
begin
fireItUp;
updateFire;
drawFire;
end;
for y := 0 to MAXY do
begin
x := firebuf[y, 10];
drawline(0, y, x, y, 1);
end;
end.

84
examples/fire2.pas
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@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
{$H1}
{$S1}
program fire2;
uses fastfire;
const MAXX = FIREWIDTH;
MAXY = FIREHEIGHT;
var firecells: FireBuf;
firepalette: array [0..15] of integer =
{ ( $FFA, $FF8, $FF4, $FF0, $FE0, $FD0, $FA0, $F90,
$F00, $E00, $D00, $A00, $800, $600, $300, $000); }
( $FFA, $FFA, $FFA, $FFA, $FF0, $FF0, $FF0, $FF0,
$FF0, $FD0, $FA0, $C00, $A00, $700, $400, $000);
x,y:integer;
procedure createPalette;
var i:integer;
begin
for i := 15 downto 0 do
setpalette(15 - i, firepalette[i]);
end;
procedure fireItUp;
var x,y:integer;
begin
y := MAXY - 1;
for x := 1 to MAXX - 1 do
firecells[y, x] := random and 127;
end;
procedure updateFire;
var i,x,y:integer;
begin
for y := 0 to MAXY - 2 do
for x := 1 to MAXX - 1 do
begin
i :=
((firecells[y + 1, x - 1]
+ firecells[y + 1, x]
+ firecells[y + 1, x + 1]
+ firecells[y + 2, x])
) shr 2;
if i > 0 then
i := i - 1;
firecells[y, x] := i;
end;
end;
procedure drawFire;
var x, y, col:integer;
begin
for y := 0 to MAXY - 1 do
begin
x := 0;
for col in firecells[y] do
begin
putpixel(100 + x, 150 + y, col shr 3);
x := x + 1;
end;
end;
end;
begin
randomize;
initgraphics;
createPalette;
while not conavail do
begin
fireItUp;
FastFireUpdate(firecells);
{ updateFire; }
FastFireDraw(firecells, 160, 100);
{ drawFire; }
end;
for y := 0 to MAXY do
begin
x := firecells[y, 10];
drawline(0, y, x, y, 1);
end;
end.

47
examples/pcmtest.pas
View file

@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
{$H1536}
program pcmtest;
uses pcmaudio;
var filename:string;
buf:SndBufPtr;
f:file;
size:integer;
i:integer;
c:char;
sampleRate:integer;
err:integer;
begin
if ParamCount > 0 then
filename := ParamStr(1)
else
begin
write('Filename> ');
readln(filename);
end;
err := 1;
if ParamCount > 1 then
val(ParamStr(2),sampleRate, err);
if err <> 0 then
sampleRate := 16000;
open(f, filename, ModeReadOnly);
size := FileSize(f);
new(buf, size);
buf^ := '';
write('Reading ', size, ' bytes...');
for i := 1 to size do
begin
read(f,c);
AppendChar(buf^,c);
end;
writeln;
close(f);
PlaySample(buf, sampleRate);
dispose(buf);
end.

74
examples/pcmtest2.pas
View file

@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
{$H2560}
program pcmtest2;
uses pcmaudio;
var filename:string;
buf:SndBufPtr;
sampleRate:integer;
err:integer;
done:boolean;
c:char;
function readAudioFile(fname:string):SndBufPtr;
var i,size:integer;
c:char;
buf:SndBufPtr;
f:file;
begin
open(f, fname, ModeReadOnly);
size := FileSize(f);
new(buf, size);
buf^ := '';
write('Reading ', size, ' bytes...');
for i := 1 to size do
begin
read(f,c);
AppendChar(buf^,c);
end;
writeln;
close(f);
readAudioFile := buf;
end;
begin
if ParamCount > 0 then
filename := ParamStr(1)
else
begin
write('Filename> ');
readln(filename);
end;
err := 1;
if ParamCount > 1 then
val(ParamStr(2), sampleRate, err);
if err > 0 then
sampleRate := 32000;
buf := readAudioFile(filename);
SampleQStart(buf, sampleRate);
write('Press ESC to stop> ');
done := false;
while not done do
begin
read(c);
if c = #27 then
begin
done := true; writeln(';');
end
else
if c = '?' then
begin
writeln; writeln('Queue: ', SampleQSize);
end;
end;
SampleQStop;
dispose(buf);
end.

7
lib/pcmaudio.inc
View file

@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
type SndBuf = string[32768];
type SndBufPtr = ^SndBuf;
procedure PlaySample(buf:SndBufPtr;sampleRate:integer); external;
procedure SampleQStart(buf:SndBufPtr;sampleRate:integer); external;
procedure SampleQStop; external;
function SampleQSize:integer; external;

247
lib/pcmaudio.s
View file

@ -1,247 +0,0 @@
.EQU AUDIO_BASE $A00
.EQU IRQC_REG $980
.EQU IRQC_EN $80
; args: sample rate
START_PCMAUDIO:
; calculate clock divider
LOADCP 77000000
SWAP
LOADCP _DIV
CALL
LOADC AUDIO_BASE + 1
SWAP ; put clock divider on ToS
; LOADCP 4812 ; clock divider for 16KHz sample rate
; LOADCP 2406 ; clock divider for 32KHz sample rate
STOREI 1
LOADCP 32768 ; set amplitude to biased 0
STOREI
DROP
LOADC AUDIO_BASE
LOADC 17 ; enable channel, enable interrupt
STOREI
DROP
RET
STOP_AUDIO:
LOADC AUDIO_BASE
LOADC 0
STOREI
DROP
RET
; args: pointer to pascal string, sample rate
.EQU PS_PTR 0
.EQU PS_COUNT 4
.EQU PS_FS 12
PLAYSAMPLE:
FPADJ -PS_FS
LOADCP START_PCMAUDIO
CALL
DUP
LOADI ; get string size from header
SHR ; divide by 4 to get word count
SHR
STORE PS_COUNT
INC 8 ; skip rest of header
STORE PS_PTR ; store sample data pointer
PS_L0:
LOAD PS_PTR ; load pointer
INC.S1.X2Y 4 ; increment and keep old value
STORE PS_PTR ; store incremented value
LOADI ; load 32 bit word
DUP
BROT ; get upper 16 bit word
BROT
LOADCP $FFFF
AND
LOADCP PLAY_1SAMPLE
CALL
LOADCP $FFFF ; get lower 16 bit word
AND
LOADCP PLAY_1SAMPLE
CALL
LOAD PS_COUNT ; load word count
DEC 1 ; decrement
DUP
STORE PS_COUNT
CBRANCH.NZ PS_L0 ; loop if not zero
LOADCP STOP_AUDIO
CALL
FPADJ PS_FS
RET
; play one sample, waiting
; for the clock divider, which
; is visible via the phase flag
; args: 16-bit unsigned sample
PLAY_1SAMPLE:
PLAY1_L0:
LOADC AUDIO_BASE
LOADI
LOADC 8 ; get fifo_full flag
AND
CBRANCH.NZ PLAY1_L0 ; loop if fifo is full
LOADC AUDIO_BASE+2 ; store amplitude value
SWAP
STOREI
DROP
RET
; start interrupt-driven sample playback
; args: pointer to pascal string, sample rate
SAMPLEQSTART:
LOADCP START_PCMAUDIO
CALL
LOADCP SMPLQ_COUNT
OVER
LOADI ; get string size from header
SHR ; divide by 4 to get word count
SHR
STOREI
DROP
LOADCP SMPLQ_PTR
SWAP
INC 8 ; skip rest of header
STOREI ; store sample data pointer
DROP
LOADCP SMPLQ_ISR ; set interrupt handler
STOREREG IV
LOADC IRQC_REG ; enable irq
LOADC IRQC_EN
STOREI
DROP
RET
SAMPLEQSTOP:
LOADCP SMPLQ_PTR
LOADC 0
STOREI
DROP
LOADCP STOP_AUDIO
CALL
LOADC IRQC_REG ; disable irq
LOADC 0
STOREI
DROP
RET
SAMPLEQSIZE:
LOADCP SMPLQ_COUNT
LOADI
RET
SMPLQ_PTR: .WORD 0
SMPLQ_COUNT: .WORD 0
SMPLQ_ISR:
LOADC IRQC_REG
LOADI
LOADC 4 ; check for audio interrupt
AND
CBRANCH.Z SMPLQ_I_XT ; if flag not set, exit
SMPLQ_I_L:
LOADCP SMPLQ_PTR
LOADI ; load word pointer
DUP
CBRANCH.NZ SMPLQ_I_B ; check for null pointer
DROP
BRANCH SMPLQ_I_XT ; if null, end interrupt routine
SMPLQ_I_B:
LOADI ; load next word
DUP
BROT ; get high half-word
BROT
LOADCP $FFFF
AND
LOADC AUDIO_BASE+2
SWAP
STOREI ; write sample, keep addr
SWAP ; addr to NoS, lower halfword on ToS
LOADCP $FFFF
AND
STOREI ; write sample
DROP
; decrement word count
LOADCP SMPLQ_COUNT
LOADI.S1.X2Y ; load counter, keep addr
DEC 1
DUP
CBRANCH.Z SMPLQ_I_END ; end if zero
STOREI ; store new counter value
DROP
; increment pointer
LOADCP SMPLQ_PTR
LOADI.S1.X2Y
INC 4
STOREI
DROP
; check if fifo is full
LOADC AUDIO_BASE
LOADI
LOADC 8 ; fifo_full
AND
CBRANCH.Z SMPLQ_I_L ; next sample if not full
LOADC AUDIO_BASE
LOADC 17 ; re-enable channel interrupt
STOREI
DROP
BRANCH SMPLQ_I_XT
; end playback, set ptr and counter to zero
SMPLQ_I_END:
DROP
DROP
LOADCP SMPLQ_PTR
LOADC 0
STOREI
DROP
LOADCP SMPLQ_COUNT
LOADC 0
STOREI
DROP
; set amplitude out to zero (biased)
LOADC AUDIO_BASE+2
LOADCP 32768
STOREI
DROP
SMPLQ_I_XT:
LOADC IRQC_REG ; re-enable interrupts
LOADC IRQC_EN
STOREI
DROP
LOADREG IR ; jump via interrupt return register
JUMP

6
lib/runtime.s
View file

@ -1931,12 +1931,6 @@ _CLEARESTACK_XT:
; Terminate program: clear estack and ; Terminate program: clear estack and
; jump to coreloader ; jump to coreloader
PTERM: PTERM:
; just to be safe, disable interrupts
LOADC $980
LOADC 0
STOREI
DROP
LOADCP _CLEARESTACK LOADCP _CLEARESTACK
CALL CALL
LOADCP LOADER_START LOADCP LOADER_START

2
lib/stdlib.pas
View file

@ -1844,8 +1844,6 @@ end;
function filesize(var fil:file):integer; function filesize(var fil:file):integer;
begin begin
checkerror(fil);
if fil.typ = IOChannel then if fil.typ = IOChannel then
filesize := -1 filesize := -1
else else

4
pcomp/emit.pas
View file

@ -324,9 +324,7 @@ begin
rewindStringList(usedUnits); rewindStringList(usedUnits);
while nextStringListItem(usedUnits, unitName) do while nextStringListItem(usedUnits, unitName) do
emitInclude(unitName + UnitSuffix2); emitInclude(unitName + UnitSuffix2);
(* _END label needs to be word-aligned because
it is used as the start of the heap *)
emitIns('.ALIGN');
emitLabelRaw('_END'); emitLabelRaw('_END');
end; end;

3
pcomp/sasm.pas
View file

@ -2056,9 +2056,6 @@ begin
operandValue := 0; operandValue := 0;
emitBlock(count, operandValue); emitBlock(count, operandValue);
end end
else
if lastToken.tokenText = '.ALIGN' then
alignOutput(wordSize)
else else
errorExit2('Unrecognized directive', lastToken.tokenText); errorExit2('Unrecognized directive', lastToken.tokenText);
end; end;

1
progs/xfer.pas
View file

@ -226,7 +226,6 @@ begin
if not invalid then if not invalid then
begin begin
open(xferFile, filename, ModeOverwrite); open(xferFile, filename, ModeOverwrite);
blockNo := 0;
done := false; done := false;
repeat repeat
serReadBlock(ok); serReadBlock(ok);

12
tridoracpu/tridoracpu.srcs/Arty-A7-35-Master.xdc
View file

@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN E3 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports clk]
create_clock -period 10.000 -name sys_clk_pin -waveform {0.000 5.000} -add [get_ports clk] create_clock -period 10.000 -name sys_clk_pin -waveform {0.000 5.000} -add [get_ports clk]
## Switches ## Switches
#set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN A8 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports sw0] set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN A8 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports sw0]
#set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN C11 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports sw1] set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN C11 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports sw1]
#set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN C10 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { sw[2] }]; #IO_L13N_T2_MRCC_16 Sch=sw[2] #set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN C10 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { sw[2] }]; #IO_L13N_T2_MRCC_16 Sch=sw[2]
#set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN A10 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { sw[3] }]; #IO_L14P_T2_SRCC_16 Sch=sw[3] #set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN A10 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { sw[3] }]; #IO_L14P_T2_SRCC_16 Sch=sw[3]
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN T9 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports led2]
set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN T10 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports led3] set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN T10 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports led3]
## Buttons ## Buttons
#set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN D9 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports btn0] set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN D9 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports btn0]
#set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN C9 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { btn1 }]; #IO_L11P_T1_SRCC_16 Sch=btn[1] #set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN C9 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { btn1 }]; #IO_L11P_T1_SRCC_16 Sch=btn[1]
#set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN B9 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { btn[2] }]; #IO_L11N_T1_SRCC_16 Sch=btn[2] #set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN B9 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { btn[2] }]; #IO_L11N_T1_SRCC_16 Sch=btn[2]
#set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN B8 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { btn[3] }]; #IO_L12P_T1_MRCC_16 Sch=btn[3] #set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN B8 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { btn[3] }]; #IO_L12P_T1_MRCC_16 Sch=btn[3]
@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ set_property -dict {PACKAGE_PIN V14 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33} [get_ports VGA_VS_O]
#set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN U13 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { jc[7] }]; #IO_L23N_T3_A02_D18_14 Sch=jc_n[4] #set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN U13 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { jc[7] }]; #IO_L23N_T3_A02_D18_14 Sch=jc_n[4]
## Pmod Header JD ## Pmod Header JD
set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN D4 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { amp2_ain }]; #IO_L11N_T1_SRCC_35 Sch=jd[1] #set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN D4 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { jd[0] }]; #IO_L11N_T1_SRCC_35 Sch=jd[1]
set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN D3 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { amp2_gain }]; #IO_L12N_T1_MRCC_35 Sch=jd[2] #set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN D3 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { jd[1] }]; #IO_L12N_T1_MRCC_35 Sch=jd[2]
#set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN F4 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { jd[2] }]; #IO_L13P_T2_MRCC_35 Sch=jd[3] #set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN F4 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { jd[2] }]; #IO_L13P_T2_MRCC_35 Sch=jd[3]
set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN F3 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { amp2_shutdown_n }]; #IO_L13N_T2_MRCC_35 Sch=jd[4] #set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN F3 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { jd[3] }]; #IO_L13N_T2_MRCC_35 Sch=jd[4]
#set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN E2 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { jd[4] }]; #IO_L14P_T2_SRCC_35 Sch=jd[7] #set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN E2 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { jd[4] }]; #IO_L14P_T2_SRCC_35 Sch=jd[7]
#set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN D2 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { jd[5] }]; #IO_L14N_T2_SRCC_35 Sch=jd[8] #set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN D2 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { jd[5] }]; #IO_L14N_T2_SRCC_35 Sch=jd[8]
#set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN H2 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { jd[6] }]; #IO_L15P_T2_DQS_35 Sch=jd[9] #set_property -dict { PACKAGE_PIN H2 IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 } [get_ports { jd[6] }]; #IO_L15P_T2_DQS_35 Sch=jd[9]

2
tridoracpu/tridoracpu.srcs/dram_bridge.v
View file

@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ module dram_bridge #(ADDR_WIDTH = 32, WIDTH = 32)
assign app_wdf_data = { {4{mem_write_data}} }; assign app_wdf_data = { {4{mem_write_data}} };
assign mem_wait = (dram_read_enable & ~read_inprogress) | assign mem_wait = (dram_read_enable & ~read_inprogress) |
(mem_write_enable & (~app_wdf_rdy | ~app_rdy)) | (mem_write_enable & ~dcache_hit & (~app_wdf_rdy | ~app_rdy)) |
(read_inprogress & ~app_rd_data_valid); (read_inprogress & ~app_rd_data_valid);
assign app_en = (dram_read_enable & ~read_inprogress) | assign app_en = (dram_read_enable & ~read_inprogress) |

2
tridoracpu/tridoracpu.srcs/irqctrl.v
View file

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
`timescale 1ns / 1ps `timescale 1ns / 1ps
module irqctrl #(IRQ_LINES = 3, IRQ_DELAY_WIDTH = 4) ( module irqctrl #(IRQ_LINES = 2, IRQ_DELAY_WIDTH = 4) (
input wire clk, input wire clk,
input wire [IRQ_LINES-1:0] irq_in, input wire [IRQ_LINES-1:0] irq_in,
input wire cs, input wire cs,

21
tridoracpu/tridoracpu.srcs/stackcpu.v
View file

@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ module stackcpu #(parameter ADDR_WIDTH = 32, WIDTH = 32,
output wire write_enable, output wire write_enable,
input wire mem_wait, input wire mem_wait,
output wire debug1, output wire led1,
output wire debug2, output wire led2,
output wire debug3 output wire led3
); );
localparam EVAL_STACK_INDEX_WIDTH = 6; localparam EVAL_STACK_INDEX_WIDTH = 6;
@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ module stackcpu #(parameter ADDR_WIDTH = 32, WIDTH = 32,
wire mem_write; wire mem_write;
wire x_is_zero; wire x_is_zero;
// wire [WIDTH-1:0] y_plus_operand = Y + operand;
wire x_equals_y = X == Y; wire x_equals_y = X == Y;
wire y_lessthan_x = $signed(Y) < $signed(X); wire y_lessthan_x = $signed(Y) < $signed(X);
@ -104,10 +105,16 @@ module stackcpu #(parameter ADDR_WIDTH = 32, WIDTH = 32,
assign write_enable = mem_write_enable; assign write_enable = mem_write_enable;
// debug output ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // debug output ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
assign debug1 = reset; assign led1 = reset;
assign debug2 = ins_loadc; assign led2 = ins_loadc;
assign debug3 = ins_branch; assign led3 = ins_branch;
// assign debug_out1 = { mem_read_enable, mem_write_enable, x_is_zero,
// ins_branch, ins_aluop, y_lessthan_x, x_equals_y, {7{1'b0}}, seq_state};
// assign debug_out2 = data_in;
// assign debug_out3 = nX;
// assign debug_out4 = nPC;
// assign debug_out5 = ins;
// assign debug_out6 = IV;
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// instruction decoding // instruction decoding

270
tridoracpu/tridoracpu.srcs/tdraudio.v
View file

@ -1,270 +0,0 @@
`timescale 1ns / 1ps
// waveform generator module (PCM)
module wavegen #(DATA_WIDTH=32, CLOCK_DIV_WIDTH=22,
AMP_WIDTH=16, AMP_BIAS=32768) (
input wire clk,
input wire reset,
input wire [1:0] reg_sel,
output wire [DATA_WIDTH-1:0] rd_data,
input wire [AMP_WIDTH-1:0] wr_data,
input wire rd_en,
input wire wr_en,
output wire [AMP_WIDTH-1:0] amp_val,
output wire running,
output wire irq
);
localparam TDRAU_REG_CTL = 0; /* control register */
localparam TDRAU_REG_CLK = 1; /* clock divider register */
localparam TDRAU_REG_AMP = 2; /* amplitude (volume) register */
/* avoid warning about unconnected port */
(* keep="soft" *) wire _unused = rd_en;
reg channel_enable;
reg [CLOCK_DIV_WIDTH-1:0] clock_div;
reg [CLOCK_DIV_WIDTH-1:0] div_count;
reg amp_phase;
reg [AMP_WIDTH-1:0] amp_out;
wire fifo_wr_en;
wire fifo_rd_en, fifo_full, fifo_empty;
wire [AMP_WIDTH-1:0] fifo_rd_data;
fifo #(.ADDR_WIDTH(4), .DATA_WIDTH(16)) sample_buf(
clk, reset,
fifo_wr_en, fifo_rd_en,
wr_data[AMP_WIDTH-1:0], fifo_rd_data,
fifo_full,
fifo_empty
);
assign fifo_rd_en = (div_count == 0) && channel_enable && ~fifo_empty;
assign fifo_wr_en = wr_en && (reg_sel == TDRAU_REG_AMP);
reg irq_buf, irq_enable;
assign irq = channel_enable && irq_buf;
reg [DATA_WIDTH-1:0] rd_data_buf;
assign rd_data = rd_data_buf;
assign amp_val = amp_out;
assign running = channel_enable;
wire ctl_reg_write = wr_en && (reg_sel == TDRAU_REG_CTL);
/* update read data buffer */
always @(posedge clk)
begin
rd_data_buf <= {{DATA_WIDTH-8{1'b0}},
{3{1'b0}}, irq_enable, fifo_full, fifo_empty, amp_phase, channel_enable};
end
/* irq signal to interrupt controller */
always @(posedge clk)
begin
if(reset)
irq_buf <= 0;
else
if(fifo_empty && irq_enable)
irq_buf <= 1;
else
irq_buf <= 0;
end
/* interrupt enable flag */
always @(posedge clk)
begin
if(reset)
irq_enable <= 0;
else
if(ctl_reg_write)
irq_enable <= wr_data[4];
else
if(irq_buf)
irq_enable <= 0; // disable interrupts after an interrupt
end
/* channel enable flag */
always @(posedge clk)
begin
if(reset)
channel_enable <= 0;
else if (ctl_reg_write)
channel_enable <= wr_data[0];
end
/* clock divider register */
always @(posedge clk)
begin
if(reset)
clock_div <= 0;
else
if (wr_en && (reg_sel == TDRAU_REG_CLK))
clock_div <= wr_data;
end
/* divider counter */
always @(posedge clk)
begin
if(channel_enable)
begin
if(div_count == 0) // reset counter if it reaches zero
div_count <= clock_div;
else
div_count <= div_count - 1; // else just decrement it
end
else
if (wr_en && (reg_sel == TDRAU_REG_CLK)) // when setting divider,
div_count <= 1; // start cycle on next clock tick
end
/* amplitude out */
always @(posedge clk)
begin
if (reset)
begin
amp_out <= AMP_BIAS;
amp_phase <= 1;
end
else
if (channel_enable)
begin
if (div_count == 0) // invert amplitude on clock tick
begin
amp_out <= fifo_rd_data;
amp_phase <= ~amp_phase;
end
end
else
amp_out <= AMP_BIAS;
// reset phase bit when enabling the channel
if (ctl_reg_write && wr_data[0] && ~channel_enable)
// when channel is being enabled, phase will be flipped on next tick
// because div_count will become zero
amp_phase <= 1;
end
endmodule
module tdraudio #(DATA_WIDTH=32) (
input wire clk,
input wire reset,
input wire [6:0] io_addr,
output wire [DATA_WIDTH-1:0] rd_data,
input wire [DATA_WIDTH-1:0] wr_data,
input wire rd_en,
input wire wr_en,
output wire irq_out,
output wire pdm_out,
output wire gain_sel,
output wire shutdown_n
);
localparam CLOCK_DIV_WIDTH = 22;
localparam AMP_WIDTH = 16;
localparam AMP_BIAS = 32768;
localparam DAC_WIDTH = 18;
/* avoid warning about unconnected port */
(* keep="soft" *) wire [DATA_WIDTH-1:AMP_WIDTH] _unused = wr_data[DATA_WIDTH-1:AMP_WIDTH];
wire [4:0] chan_sel = io_addr[6:2];
wire [1:0] reg_sel = io_addr[1:0];
wire [AMP_WIDTH-1:0] amp_wr_data = wr_data[AMP_WIDTH-1:0];
wire [AMP_WIDTH-1:0] chan0_amp;
wire [DATA_WIDTH-1:0] chan0_rd_data;
wire chan0_running;
wire chan0_irq;
wire chan0_sel = chan_sel == 5'd0;
wire chan0_rd_en = chan0_sel && rd_en;
wire chan0_wr_en = chan0_sel && wr_en;
wire [AMP_WIDTH-1:0] chan1_amp;
wire [DATA_WIDTH-1:0] chan1_rd_data;
wire chan1_running;
wire chan1_irq;
wire chan1_sel = chan_sel == 5'd1;
wire chan1_rd_en = chan1_sel && rd_en;
wire chan1_wr_en = chan1_sel && wr_en;
wire [AMP_WIDTH-1:0] chan2_amp;
wire [DATA_WIDTH-1:0] chan2_rd_data;
wire chan2_running;
wire chan2_irq;
wire chan2_sel = chan_sel == 5'd2;
wire chan2_rd_en = chan2_sel && rd_en;
wire chan2_wr_en = chan2_sel && wr_en;
wire [AMP_WIDTH-1:0] chan3_amp;
wire [DATA_WIDTH-1:0] chan3_rd_data;
wire chan3_running;
wire chan3_irq;
wire chan3_sel = chan_sel == 5'd3;
wire chan3_rd_en = chan3_sel && rd_en;
wire chan3_wr_en = chan3_sel && wr_en;
wire running = chan0_running || chan1_running || chan2_running || chan3_running;
assign rd_data = chan0_sel ? chan0_rd_data :
chan1_sel ? chan1_rd_data :
chan2_sel ? chan2_rd_data :
chan3_sel ? chan3_rd_data :
{DATA_WIDTH{1'b1}};
wavegen chan0(clk, reset, reg_sel,
chan0_rd_data, amp_wr_data,
chan0_rd_en, chan0_wr_en,
chan0_amp,
chan0_running, chan0_irq);
wavegen chan1(clk, reset, reg_sel,
chan1_rd_data, amp_wr_data,
chan1_rd_en, chan1_wr_en,
chan1_amp,
chan1_running, chan1_irq);
wavegen chan2(clk, reset, reg_sel,
chan2_rd_data, amp_wr_data,
chan2_rd_en, chan2_wr_en,
chan2_amp,
chan2_irq, chan2_running);
wavegen chan3(clk, reset, reg_sel,
chan3_rd_data, amp_wr_data,
chan3_rd_en, chan3_wr_en,
chan3_amp,
chan3_running, chan3_irq);
reg [DAC_WIDTH:0] deltasigma_acc; // one extra bit
wire [DAC_WIDTH:0] amp_sum = chan0_amp + chan1_amp + chan2_amp + chan3_amp; // also one overflow bit here
assign gain_sel = 1; // gain select: 0 -> 12dB, 1 -> 6dB
// assign shutdown_n = running;
assign shutdown_n = 1; /* don't enable shutdown mode, it creates a mains hum */
reg irq_out_buf;
assign irq_out = irq_out_buf;
always @(posedge clk) irq_out_buf <= chan0_irq || chan1_irq || chan2_irq || chan3_irq;
/* delta-sigma DAC */
always @(posedge clk)
begin
if(reset)
deltasigma_acc <= 0;
else
// if (running)
deltasigma_acc <= deltasigma_acc[DAC_WIDTH-1:0] + amp_sum;
// else
// deltasigma_acc <= deltasigma_acc[DAC_WIDTH-1:0] + (4*AMP_BIAS);
end
/* 1-bit audio output */
assign pdm_out = deltasigma_acc[DAC_WIDTH];
endmodule

63
tridoracpu/tridoracpu.srcs/top.v
View file

@ -10,11 +10,13 @@
//`define clock clk_1hz //`define clock clk_1hz
`define ENABLE_VGAFB `define ENABLE_VGAFB
`define ENABLE_MICROSD `define ENABLE_MICROSD
`define ENABLE_TDRAUDIO
module top( module top(
input wire clk, input wire clk,
input wire rst, input wire rst,
input wire btn0,
input wire sw0,
input wire sw1,
output wire led0, output wire led0,
output wire led1, output wire led1,
output wire led2, output wire led2,
@ -58,13 +60,6 @@ module top(
output wire sd_sck, output wire sd_sck,
input wire sd_cd input wire sd_cd
`endif `endif
`ifdef ENABLE_TDRAUDIO
,
output wire amp2_ain,
output wire amp2_gain,
output wire amp2_shutdown_n
`endif
); );
reg clk_1hz; reg clk_1hz;
@ -225,44 +220,11 @@ module top(
assign uart_tx_data = mem_write_data[7:0]; assign uart_tx_data = mem_write_data[7:0];
assign uart_rd_data = { {WIDTH-10{1'b1}}, uart_rx_avail, uart_tx_busy, uart_rx_data }; assign uart_rd_data = { {WIDTH-10{1'b1}}, uart_rx_avail, uart_tx_busy, uart_rx_data };
wire audio_irq;
buart #(.CLKFREQ(`clkfreq)) uart0(`clock, rst,
uart_baud,
uart_txd_in, uart_rxd_out,
uart_rx_clear, uart_tx_en,
uart_rx_avail, uart_tx_busy,
uart_tx_data, uart_rx_data);
// audio controller
`ifdef ENABLE_TDRAUDIO
wire [WIDTH-1:0] tdraudio_wr_data;
wire [WIDTH-1:0] tdraudio_rd_data;
wire tdraudio_rd_en, tdraudio_wr_en;
wire tdraudio_irq;
wire tdraudio_cs_en = io_enable && (io_slot == 4);
assign tdraudio_rd_en = tdraudio_cs_en && mem_read_enable;
assign tdraudio_wr_en = tdraudio_cs_en && mem_write_enable;
assign tdraudio_wr_data = mem_write_data;
tdraudio tdraudio0(`clock, ~rst,
mem_addr[6:0],
tdraudio_rd_data,
tdraudio_wr_data,
tdraudio_rd_en,
tdraudio_wr_en,
tdraudio_irq,
amp2_ain, amp2_gain, amp2_shutdown_n);
assign audio_irq = tdraudio_irq;
`endif
// interrupt controller
reg timer_tick; reg timer_tick;
reg[23:0] tick_count; reg[23:0] tick_count;
wire [2:0] irq_in = { audio_irq, timer_tick, uart_rx_avail }; wire [1:0] irq_in = { timer_tick, uart_rx_avail };
wire [2:0] irqc_rd_data0; wire [1:0] irqc_rd_data0;
wire [WIDTH-1:0] irqc_rd_data = { tick_count, 5'b0, irqc_rd_data0 }; wire [WIDTH-1:0] irqc_rd_data = { tick_count, 6'b0, irqc_rd_data0 };
wire irqc_seten = mem_write_data[7]; wire irqc_seten = mem_write_data[7];
wire irqc_cs = io_enable && (io_slot == 3); wire irqc_cs = io_enable && (io_slot == 3);
@ -274,11 +236,16 @@ module top(
(io_slot == 2) ? fb_rd_data : (io_slot == 2) ? fb_rd_data :
`endif `endif
(io_slot == 3) ? irqc_rd_data: (io_slot == 3) ? irqc_rd_data:
`ifdef ENABLE_TDRAUDIO
(io_slot == 4) ? tdraudio_rd_data:
`endif
-1; -1;
buart #(.CLKFREQ(`clkfreq)) uart0(`clock, rst,
uart_baud,
uart_txd_in, uart_rxd_out,
uart_rx_clear, uart_tx_en,
uart_rx_avail, uart_tx_busy,
uart_tx_data, uart_rx_data);
// CPU ----------------------------------------------------------------- // CPU -----------------------------------------------------------------
stackcpu cpu0(.clk(`clock), .rst(rst), .irq(irq), stackcpu cpu0(.clk(`clock), .rst(rst), .irq(irq),
.addr(mem_addr), .addr(mem_addr),
@ -286,7 +253,7 @@ module top(
.read_ins(dram_read_ins), .read_ins(dram_read_ins),
.data_out(mem_write_data), .write_enable(mem_write_enable), .data_out(mem_write_data), .write_enable(mem_write_enable),
.mem_wait(mem_wait), .mem_wait(mem_wait),
.debug1(led1), .debug2(led2), .debug3(led3)); .led1(led1), .led2(led2), .led3(led3));
// Interrupt Controller // Interrupt Controller
irqctrl irqctrl0(`clock, irq_in, irqc_cs, mem_write_enable, irqctrl irqctrl0(`clock, irq_in, irqc_cs, mem_write_enable,

34
tridoracpu/tridoracpu.xpr
View file

@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="implementation"/> <Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="implementation"/>
</FileInfo> </FileInfo>
</File> </File>
<File Path="$PSRCDIR/stack.v" Mode="RelativeOnly"> <File Path="$PSRCDIR/stack.v">
<FileInfo> <FileInfo>
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="synthesis"/> <Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="synthesis"/>
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="implementation"/> <Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="implementation"/>
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
</FileInfo> </FileInfo>
</File> </File>
<File Path="$PSRCDIR/testbench.v"/> <File Path="$PSRCDIR/testbench.v"/>
<File Path="$PPRDIR/rom.mem" Mode="RelativeOnly"> <File Path="$PPRDIR/rom.mem">
<FileInfo> <FileInfo>
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="synthesis"/> <Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="synthesis"/>
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="simulation"/> <Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="simulation"/>
@ -173,14 +173,14 @@
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="simulation"/> <Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="simulation"/>
</FileInfo> </FileInfo>
</File> </File>
<File Path="$PSRCDIR/bram_tdp.v" Mode="RelativeOnly"> <File Path="$PSRCDIR/bram_tdp.v">
<FileInfo> <FileInfo>
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="synthesis"/> <Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="synthesis"/>
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="implementation"/> <Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="implementation"/>
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="simulation"/> <Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="simulation"/>
</FileInfo> </FileInfo>
</File> </File>
<File Path="$PSRCDIR/palette.v" Mode="RelativeOnly"> <File Path="$PSRCDIR/palette.v">
<FileInfo> <FileInfo>
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="synthesis"/> <Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="synthesis"/>
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="implementation"/> <Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="implementation"/>
@ -205,13 +205,6 @@
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="simulation"/> <Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="simulation"/>
</FileInfo> </FileInfo>
</File> </File>
<File Path="$PSRCDIR/tdraudio.v">
<FileInfo>
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="synthesis"/>
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="implementation"/>
<Attr Name="UsedIn" Val="simulation"/>
</FileInfo>
</File>
<Config> <Config>
<Option Name="DesignMode" Val="RTL"/> <Option Name="DesignMode" Val="RTL"/>
<Option Name="TopModule" Val="top"/> <Option Name="TopModule" Val="top"/>
@ -356,12 +349,17 @@
</Simulator> </Simulator>
</Simulators> </Simulators>
<Runs Version="1" Minor="22"> <Runs Version="1" Minor="22">
<Run Id="synth_1" Type="Ft3:Synth" SrcSet="sources_1" Part="xc7a35ticsg324-1L" ConstrsSet="constrs_1" Description="Vivado Synthesis Defaults" AutoIncrementalCheckpoint="false" WriteIncrSynthDcp="false" State="current" Dir="$PRUNDIR/synth_1" IncludeInArchive="true" IsChild="false" AutoIncrementalDir="$PSRCDIR/utils_1/imports/synth_1" AutoRQSDir="$PSRCDIR/utils_1/imports/synth_1" ParallelReportGen="true"> <Run Id="synth_1" Type="Ft3:Synth" SrcSet="sources_1" Part="xc7a35ticsg324-1L" ConstrsSet="constrs_1" Description="Higher performance designs, resource sharing is turned off, the global fanout guide is set to a lower number, FSM extraction forced to one-hot, LUT combining is disabled, equivalent registers are preserved, SRL are inferred with a larger threshold" AutoIncrementalCheckpoint="false" WriteIncrSynthDcp="false" State="current" Dir="$PRUNDIR/synth_1" IncludeInArchive="true" IsChild="false" AutoIncrementalDir="$PSRCDIR/utils_1/imports/synth_1" AutoRQSDir="$PSRCDIR/utils_1/imports/synth_1" ParallelReportGen="true">
<Strategy Version="1" Minor="2"> <Strategy Version="1" Minor="2">
<StratHandle Name="Vivado Synthesis Defaults" Flow="Vivado Synthesis 2024"> <StratHandle Name="Flow_PerfOptimized_high" Flow="Vivado Synthesis 2024"/>
<Desc>Vivado Synthesis Defaults</Desc> <Step Id="synth_design">
</StratHandle> <Option Id="Directive">7</Option>
<Step Id="synth_design"/> <Option Id="FsmExtraction">1</Option>
<Option Id="KeepEquivalentRegisters">1</Option>
<Option Id="NoCombineLuts">1</Option>
<Option Id="ResourceSharing">2</Option>
<Option Id="ShregMinSize">5</Option>
</Step>
</Strategy> </Strategy>
<GeneratedRun Dir="$PRUNDIR" File="gen_run.xml"/> <GeneratedRun Dir="$PRUNDIR" File="gen_run.xml"/>
<ReportStrategy Name="Vivado Synthesis Default Reports" Flow="Vivado Synthesis 2024"/> <ReportStrategy Name="Vivado Synthesis Default Reports" Flow="Vivado Synthesis 2024"/>
@ -380,9 +378,7 @@
</Run> </Run>
<Run Id="impl_1" Type="Ft2:EntireDesign" Part="xc7a35ticsg324-1L" ConstrsSet="constrs_1" Description="Default settings for Implementation." AutoIncrementalCheckpoint="false" WriteIncrSynthDcp="false" State="current" Dir="$PRUNDIR/impl_1" SynthRun="synth_1" IncludeInArchive="true" IsChild="false" GenFullBitstream="true" AutoIncrementalDir="$PSRCDIR/utils_1/imports/impl_1" LaunchOptions="-jobs 6 " AutoRQSDir="$PSRCDIR/utils_1/imports/impl_1" ParallelReportGen="true"> <Run Id="impl_1" Type="Ft2:EntireDesign" Part="xc7a35ticsg324-1L" ConstrsSet="constrs_1" Description="Default settings for Implementation." AutoIncrementalCheckpoint="false" WriteIncrSynthDcp="false" State="current" Dir="$PRUNDIR/impl_1" SynthRun="synth_1" IncludeInArchive="true" IsChild="false" GenFullBitstream="true" AutoIncrementalDir="$PSRCDIR/utils_1/imports/impl_1" LaunchOptions="-jobs 6 " AutoRQSDir="$PSRCDIR/utils_1/imports/impl_1" ParallelReportGen="true">
<Strategy Version="1" Minor="2"> <Strategy Version="1" Minor="2">
<StratHandle Name="Vivado Implementation Defaults" Flow="Vivado Implementation 2024"> <StratHandle Name="Vivado Implementation Defaults" Flow="Vivado Implementation 2024"/>
<Desc>Default settings for Implementation.</Desc>
</StratHandle>
<Step Id="init_design"/> <Step Id="init_design"/>
<Step Id="opt_design"/> <Step Id="opt_design"/>
<Step Id="power_opt_design"/> <Step Id="power_opt_design"/>

149
utils/serload.py
View file

@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
# limitations under the License. # limitations under the License.
import sys import sys
import os
import serial import serial
import time import time
import random import random
@ -42,6 +41,30 @@ def get_default_device():
return '/dev/ttyUSB1' return '/dev/ttyUSB1'
def serwrite_slow(databytes, ser):
total = len(data)
count = 1
for d in data:
sys.stdout.write("writing {0:02x} {1:04d}/{2:04d}\r".format(ord(d), count, total))
ser.write(bytes(d,"utf8"))
count += 1
time.sleep(0.020)
print()
def serwrite(datafile, ser):
with open(datafile) as f:
data = f.read()
total = len(data)
count = 1
for d in data:
sys.stdout.write("writing {0:02x} {1:04d}/{2:04d}\r".format(ord(d), count, total))
ser.write(bytes(d,"utf8"))
count += 1
time.sleep(0.020)
print()
def checksum(databytes): def checksum(databytes):
i = 0 i = 0
cksum = 0 cksum = 0
@ -62,29 +85,13 @@ def sendchar(char, ser):
ser.write(char.to_bytes(1, 'big')) ser.write(char.to_bytes(1, 'big'))
def sendcommand(ser, cmd=b'L', verbose=False): def sendcommand(ser, cmd=b'L'):
verbose = True
ser.write(cmd) ser.write(cmd)
resp = ser.read_until() resp = ser.read_until()
if verbose:
print(cmd,"sent, response:", str(resp)) print(cmd,"sent, response:", str(resp))
return resp return resp
# send command and wait for echo
def commandwait(ser, cmd):
resp = sendcommand(ser, cmd, verbose=False)
if len(resp) == 0:
print("timeout sending '{}' command".format(cmd))
return None
if resp != bytearray(cmd + b"\r\n"):
print("invalid response to '{}' command".format(cmd))
return None
return resp
def send_size_header(ser, filesize): def send_size_header(ser, filesize):
ser.write(b'\x05') # ENQ ser.write(b'\x05') # ENQ
resp = ser.read(1) resp = ser.read(1)
@ -146,8 +153,6 @@ def serload_bin(datafile, ser):
data += bytearray(pad) data += bytearray(pad)
print("{} total blocks".format((len(data) + blocksize - 1) // blocksize))
if not send_size_header(ser, filesize): if not send_size_header(ser, filesize):
print("Error sending size header.") print("Error sending size header.")
return return
@ -274,8 +279,18 @@ def serdownload(fname, ser):
def mput(filenames, ser): def mput(filenames, ser):
for f in filenames: for f in filenames:
resp = set_filename(f, ser) f_encoded = f.encode('utf8')
if resp is None: print("Setting filename", f)
resp = sendcommand(ser, b'S')
if len(resp) == 0:
print("timeout sending 'S' command")
return
if resp != b'S\r\n' and resp != b'> S\r\n':
print("unrecognized response to 'S' command, aborting")
return
resp = sendcommand(ser, f_encoded + b'\r')
if not f_encoded in resp:
print("unrecognized response to filename, aborting")
return return
serload_bin(f, ser) serload_bin(f, ser)
@ -284,92 +299,12 @@ def mput(filenames, ser):
time.sleep(2) time.sleep(2)
def set_filename(f, ser):
f_encoded = f.encode('utf8')
print("Setting filename", f)
resp = commandwait(ser, b'S')
if resp is None:
return None
resp = sendcommand(ser, f_encoded + b'\r')
if not f_encoded in resp:
print("unrecognized response to filename, aborting")
return None
return resp
def getnamedfile(filename, ser):
resp = set_filename(filename, ser)
if resp is None:
return None
serdownload(filename, ser)
def putnamedfile(filename, ser):
resp = set_filename(filename, ser)
if resp is None:
return None
serload_bin(filename, ser)
print("Remote status:")
showdata(ser)
def showdata(ser):
promptseen = False
while not promptseen:
c = ser.read(1)
if c == b'>':
promptseen = True
else:
print(c.decode('utf8'), end='')
rest = ser.read(1)
def localdir():
result = os.walk(".")
for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk("."):
for f in filenames:
print(f)
break
def interactive(ser):
done = False
while not done:
args = input("> ").strip().split()
if len(args) > 0:
cmd = args[0]
args.pop(0)
if cmd == 'dir':
if commandwait(ser, b'Y') is None:
return
showdata(ser)
elif cmd == 'get':
if len(args) > 1:
print("exactly one argument required (filename)")
else:
getnamedfile(args[0], ser)
elif cmd == 'put':
if len(args) > 1:
print("exactly one argument required (filename)")
else:
putnamedfile(args[0], ser)
elif cmd == 'ldir':
if len(args) > 0:
print("superfluous argument")
else:
localdir()
else:
print("Unknown command. Valid commands are: dir get ldir put")
if __name__ == "__main__": if __name__ == "__main__":
argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser( argparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description='transfer files from/to the Tridora-CPU') description='transfer files from/to the Tridora-CPU')
argparser.add_argument('-d', '--device', help='serial device', default=get_default_device()) argparser.add_argument('-d', '--device', help='serial device', default=get_default_device())
argparser.add_argument('command', choices=['get', 'put', 'mput', 'interactive']) argparser.add_argument('command', choices=['get', 'put', 'mput'])
argparser.add_argument('filename', nargs='*') argparser.add_argument('filename', nargs='+')
args = argparser.parse_args() args = argparser.parse_args()
cmd = args.command cmd = args.command
@ -384,10 +319,8 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
serload_bin(filenames[0], ser) serload_bin(filenames[0], ser)
elif cmd == 'mput': elif cmd == 'mput':
mput(filenames, ser) mput(filenames, ser)
elif cmd == 'interactive':
interactive(ser)
else: else:
print("should not get here") print("should not get here")
#if cmd is not None: if cmd is not None:
# ser.close() ser.close()

5
utils/tdrimg.py
View file

@ -538,9 +538,6 @@ def create_image_with_stuff(imgfile):
slotnr = putfile("../progs/recover.prog", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr) slotnr = putfile("../progs/recover.prog", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr)
slotnr = putfile("../progs/changemem.prog", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr) slotnr = putfile("../progs/changemem.prog", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr)
slotnr = putfile("../lib/pcmaudio.s", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr)
slotnr = putfile("../lib/pcmaudio.inc", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr)
listdir(f, part) listdir(f, part)
# third partition # third partition
@ -603,8 +600,6 @@ def create_image_with_stuff(imgfile):
slotnr = putfile("../examples/lines.pas", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr) slotnr = putfile("../examples/lines.pas", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr)
slotnr = putfile("../examples/pcmtest2.pas", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr)
slotnr = putfile("../examples/pictviewer.pas", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr) slotnr = putfile("../examples/pictviewer.pas", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr)
slotnr = putfile("../examples/Toco_Toucan.pict", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr) slotnr = putfile("../examples/Toco_Toucan.pict", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr)
slotnr = putfile("../examples/shinkansen.pict", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr) slotnr = putfile("../examples/shinkansen.pict", None , f, part, partstart, slotnr)

29
utils/wav2tdrau.py
View file

@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
import sys
import random, struct
import wave
freq = 16000
BIAS = 32768
def convert(srcpath, destpath):
outdata = bytearray()
with wave.open(srcpath, mode="rb") as f:
params = f.getparams()
print(params.nchannels, params.sampwidth, params.framerate)
frames = f.readframes(2*1024*1024)
for i in range(0, len(frames), 2):
v = int.from_bytes(frames[i:i+2], "little", signed=True)
v += BIAS
hi = (v & 0xFF00) >> 8
lo = (v & 0x00FF)
outdata.append(hi)
outdata.append(lo)
with open(destpath, mode="wb") as f:
f.write(outdata)
if __name__ == "__main__":
sourcefilename = sys.argv[1]
destfilename = sys.argv[2]
convert(sourcefilename, destfilename)